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SEO
Alt text is a written description of an image in its HTML. Screen readers read it aloud, and search engines use it to understand the image.
Good alt text describes what the image shows and why it is there, in a sentence or less. Purely decorative images should have empty alt text.
It is an accessibility requirement first. Its SEO value, helping images appear in Google Images, follows from describing them accurately.
Example
Instead of "image1.jpg", a photo is described as "A phone showing a campaign dashboard with Islamabad in the background".
Why it matters
Missing alt text shuts out visually impaired visitors and wastes a chance for images to be found in search.
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